Most people from mainly medium and more adults face back pain at the back of the lower back, and men and women suffer equally.Pain can occur after physical activity, hypothermia, lifting and transfer of weight or due to a long stay in a fixed posture."The back", characterized by pain in the lower back in the lower back.
Reasons
It should be noted that pain of different intensity is experienced most of all people of active age who are no more than 60 years.This is explained by the constant work of the muscles that support the spine and its natural turns.Because one is most often in an upright position, the muscles are almost not resting.
The vulnerability of the lumbar region is due to the presence of its weaknesses: the triangle of the bird and the quadrilateral (rhombus) Grunfeld-Lesgaft.The poultry triangle has a slight muscle layer and is a small gap between the end edges of the wide and outer sloping muscle.Rhombus Grunfeld-Lesgft does not close the inclined abdominal muscles on top, it is poorly strengthened, therefore it is subject to the formation of lumbar hernias.
The lumbar muscle is the deepest in the body.It affects the flexibility, strength, amplitude of movement and mobility of the joints, the work of the internal organs.It is this muscle that is responsible for maintaining a person's vertical position and is actively involved in the lifting of the feet when walking.
Proper work of the lumbar muscle provides support for the entire upper body and forms a platform for the internal organs of the abdominal cavity.With frequent reduction due to stress or overvoltage, this muscle begins to shorten, which can lead to lower back pain, compression of nerve endings, deformity of the vertebrae and the development of degenerative processes in the joints.The chronic spasm of the lumbar muscle extremely negatively affects the posture, the depth of breathing and the condition of the vital organs.
Back pain as a symptom
The lower back can be harmed due to problems with the spine or in the background of systemic diseases.Several forms of pain syndrome are clinically distinguished: local, projection, reflected, Rocky (radicular) and due to muscle spasm.
Local lumbar pain syndrome is constant, its intensity depends on the position of the body.In addition, the pain is exacerbated by the movements and palpation of a particular area.With this form of pain, the mobility of the body and the lower limbs can be limited.
Project Pain syndrome is due to damage to the spinal and paravertebral (peripport) structures.It can be spilled or local and occur due to compression of the nerve endings that transmit signals in the relevant area of the brain.The sensations of pain spread to the affected nerve and increase with bends and slopes of the body.During hard work or exercise, pulsating pain is noted, the origin of which is associated with axial load on the spine.
Rooser pain syndrome is a surprising and pronounced intensity: patients mean it when they say the back was "grabbed".The pain is so acute that one cannot stand up and is often forced to remain in the situation in which he has been out of fire.
In the absence of movements, Roying pain syndrome also does not pass and acquires a sick character.However, attempts to move are accompanied by the most powerful cramps and sharp, burning bastards.In the greater part of the cases, he shoots not only in the lower back, but also through the leg to the ankle.The distinctive features of radicular pain are the reinforcement when turning one side, inclinations and lifting straight legs from the position of the supine.
The reflected pain syndrome shows the lesion of the internal organs.This is due to the fact that the lumbar spine and tissue near the pathological focus are innervated by the same nerve.As the pain passes from the inside of the body to the surface of the back, the pain is blurred, blurred, remains during movements and does not increase when pressed.
Lower back pain can be acute and chronic.If this symptom is worried for no more than three months, they talk about acute form.If during this time the damaged tissues are not restored, it goes into the category of chronic.
Classification
The lower back pain is classified according to the mechanism of occurrence and can be nocicetic, neuropathic and psychogenic.The Nociceptive type occurs with irritation of the pain receptors - nociceptors and is due to tissue damage due to mechanical trauma or local inflammation (stretching, bruis).
Hernia is one of the consequences of osteochondrosis, manifesting itself by convexing the intervertebral disc between the bodies of the vertebrae.
Neuropathic pain accompanies the pinching of the nerve roots of the intervertebral hernia.They are distinguished by irradiation (return) to the lower limbs and combined with numbness and some movement limitation.Such pain does not go away by itself and is usually chronic.
Psychogenic type is a rare occurrence, the cause of which can be a traumatic situation or a disorder of the functioning of the nervous system.
This classification is conditional because most often the soreness causes all three types to one degree or another.To determine the pain, doctors use several terms: Lumbago, Lumbalia and Lumbar -algia.
Lumbago is a sudden attack of pain, the beginning of which patients describe as a "gap", "press" and compare it with lightning or electric shock.Lumbalgia begins gradually and is characterized by pain in pain mainly at the lower lower back, at the end of the spine.
In the lumbar, the back does not hurt constantly, the pain occurs after a long stay in a stationary position or tilting the body.It is difficult for patients to bend and perform even such simple actions as washing, brushing, or ironing.They are looking for the most boss posture to reduce the tension of the lumbar muscle and relieve their condition.
Lumbosiciashialgia is a pain syndrome that covers the area of the lower back, the buttocks and the back of one or both legs.It is enhanced in any movement, including coughing or sneezing.
Possible pathologies
Most often the lower back hurts due to muscle surge, especially with too intensive training or unusual physical work.In this case, the boiler provocateur is a rupture of the connecting fibers at the muscle attachment sites.
Among the pathologies that cause this symptom should be noted:
- Intervertebral hernia.The main signs are acute pain, which occurs unexpectedly, a sense of stiffness, possession in the back, weakness in the lower limbs;
- Breaking of spinal compressionSOccurs during injuries, osteoporosis and tumors;
- Horse tail syndrome.This symptomatic complex is due to compression of a massive nerve beam located between the first lumbar vertebra and coccyx.It manifests from severe pain on the right or left behind, at the level of the waist and below.Pain syndrome emits to one or both limbs and inguinal zone.The progress of the disease leads to impaired tactile sensitivity and pronounced weakness in the legs.In the absence of treatment, severe complications to disability develop;
- Acute abdominal aortic aneurysm.Pain and weight in the lower back are often the only sign of this condition.Most often diagnosed in elderly people suffering from atherosclerosis and complain of a piercing nature of night pain;
- Infectious lesions.Pulling and dull pain in the lower backs of the back provoke chronic bacterial skin infections, urogenital and respiratory systems, impaired immune system, administration of hormonal drugs.In addition to the pain, discomfort in the abdomen and inguinal areas is felt behind the sternum;
- Neoplasms.The soreness bothers both the day and the night, gradually intensifies.As a rule, there is a sharp weight loss for no obvious reasons.Tumors are most often diagnosed in people over 50 with a history of cancer.
With pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, surrounding pain may occur.The feeling that pulls the lower back is often accompanied by gynecological diseases.Congenital skeletal defects and metabolic disorders can also cause pain in the bottom of the back.
Attention:If the lower back is abruptly ill and the pain is painful, unbearable, we can accept exacerbation of urolithiasis when the formed stone moves along the urinary tract.
Treatment
Treatment of lumbar pain of any origin is one of the most complex medical areas.All modern studies on this topic are said of one thing: acute back pain and lower limbs should be eliminated as soon as possible.If you do not anesthetize on time and allow the chronicle of pain syndrome, then the prerequisites for the development of psychogenic disorders will be created.By squeezing the clinical symptoms, they will slow down the therapeutic process and weaken its result.Therefore, first of all, the pain is eliminated regardless of their intensity.
To get rid of pain, anti -inflammatory non -steroidal agents and analgesics are required.In severe cases, when a person is very painful to walk and the lower back is highly broken, therapeutic blockages are used.
Analgesic drugs are weak, medium and powerful.The latter allows you to quickly relieve pain, but you have many side effects.Their use is justified in the event of severe damage to the intervertebral discs and compression of the nerve endings.
Modern pharmacology offers therapeutic plasters with different components - anti -inflammatory, warming, chondroprotective and plant nutritional supplements.
If the pain is characterized as weak or moderate, the visiting physician prescribes analgesics.In the case of damage to the structures of 1 time, the most commonly used non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs -the NSAPs with a triple effect.Not only do they stop the pain syndrome, they also suppress inflammation, they reduce body temperature.
NSAIDs are used in tablets or injections, as well as in the form of ointments or gels.
Good results are shown from the use of plasters.Group B vitamins, which doctors prescribe for injections or tablets, help to cure lower back pain.
Muscle cramps often provoke severe pain syndrome, from which muscle relaxants help well.Severe pain and pulsation caused by inflammation are stopped by hormonal medicines.
Therapeutic blockade
Sometimes the only means of eliminating pain is therapeutic blockade.The injection excludes one of the connections of the pathological circuit, resulting in the impulse of the pain does not reach the back, legs and internal organs.Blocks can be used for diagnostic purposes to determine a real cause of pain.
After injection, the pain is performed for a few minutes, the procedure itself resembles the capture of a puncture.The testimony of his behavior is the following:
- osteochondrosis and its complications - convexity and hernia on discs;
- myositis;
- neuralgia;
- Spondylartrosis (calcification of the spinal joints).
Attention:The blocks are performed only under sterile hospital conditions.This is due to the fact that the spinal cord is vulnerable to the penetration of various pathogenic microorganisms.When infected with the virus, death is not excluded.
Therapeutic blockades are performed no more than four times a year, if necessary, a course of 10 injections or more may be prescribed.A 5-7 day rest is required between them.Blockade injection solutions contain several components, the main ones are painkillers.To relieve inflammation, corticosteroids are added to them.The injection composition may also include vitamins, thrombolyites and enzymes.To normalize neuropulic transmission, ATP is introduced into the solution.
Phyoelization
What to do after eliminating acute symptoms depends on the type and severity of the disease.Patients may be prescribed massage, exercise and physiotherapy.
With lumbar region pain most effective:
- electrophoresis with special medicines;
- Packaging with therapeutic mud;
- paraffin and ozoket applications;
- turpentine and pearl baths;
- amphipulosterapy;
- muscle electrical stimulation;
- Acupuncture.
To stabilize the vertebrae and reduce the load on the lower back muscles, doctors recommend the use of orthopedic corsets.They are especially effective in chronic pain caused by damage to the spinal animals.Using applicators allows you to accelerate recovery.
The positive influence of such products is as follows:
- eliminated or noticeably reduced by pain;
- The condition of the nervous system is normalized;
- vital tone and productivity increase;
- The metabolic processes in the body are accelerated;
- Slowed muscles relax.
Therapeutic exercises can only be done during the remission period, with a minimum or complete absence of pain.The strong muscle corset is an excellent prevention of most diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
Attention:High power loads, sharp body turns, jumps, running and swinging legs are prohibited.
In this way, lower back pain is a signal of a disadvantage in the spine or internal organs.In order to prevent the chronicity of the pathological process and to prevent possible complications, it is necessary to consult a specialist.